{"id":4364,"date":"2025-06-23T15:02:53","date_gmt":"2025-06-23T08:02:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hoatainguyenmoitruong.mitc.edu.vn\/?p=4364"},"modified":"2025-06-23T15:02:53","modified_gmt":"2025-06-23T08:02:53","slug":"bi-quyet-thiet-ke-no-min-an-toan-va-than-thien-moi-truong-giai-phap-vang-cho-nganh-khai-thac-da-hien-nay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hoatainguyenmoitruong.mitc.edu.vn\/khoa-hoc-cong-nghe\/bi-quyet-thiet-ke-no-min-an-toan-va-than-thien-moi-truong-giai-phap-vang-cho-nganh-khai-thac-da-hien-nay.html","title":{"rendered":"B\u00ed quy\u1ebft thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u1ed5 m\u00ecn an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0ng cho ng\u00e0nh khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n nay"},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u1ed5 m\u00ecn l\u00e0 m\u1eaft x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng trong quy tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1 \u2013 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n, giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ecf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1, n\u1ed5 m\u00ecn c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0: ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u00f3ng \u0111\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, \u0111\u00e1 v\u0103ng, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 \u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 20\u201325%, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu sinh ra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c.\u00a0V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 m\u00ecn v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1 v\u1eeba gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u t\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng? \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed5 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/h4>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed5. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed5 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u201cc\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u00f4xy\u201d b\u1eb1ng 0 (ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng 0) \u2013 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sinh ra c\u00e1c kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 CO hay NO sau khi ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5. Hi\u1ec7n nay, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n

– D\u00e0nh cho \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4: ANFO, Am\u00f4nit AD1, S\u00f4fanit AFST<\/p>\n

– D\u00e0nh cho \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ea9m: Watergel TNP-1, TFD-15<\/p>\n

– D\u00e0nh cho \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc: Nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng EE-31, NT-13, NT-14WR<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f2n t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

\"B\u00ed<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed5 m\u00ecn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u<\/strong><\/h4>\n

N\u1ed5 m\u00ecn vi sai phi \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u1ed5 vi sai chia v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch (t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 50ms). Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap:<\/p>\n

– Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u00f3ng ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng \u0111\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed<\/p>\n

– H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1 v\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 \u0111\u00e1 nh\u1edd t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng giao thoa s\u00f3ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

– N\u00e2ng cao an to\u00e0n trong khu v\u1ef1c d\u00e2n c\u01b0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 vi sai hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i cho ph\u00e9p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed5 linh ho\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ed5 phi \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u00e2y n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u1ed5 m\u00ecn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00e2u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

–<\/strong> M\u1ea1ng l\u1ed7 khoan: kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ed7 (a, b), \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh (W), chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u (Lkt)<\/p>\n

– C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5: chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ed9t thu\u1ed1c, bua, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 theo \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u2013 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t sinh kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 v\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

\"B\u00ed<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 m\u00ecn t\u1ea1i m\u1ecf khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, c\u1ea7n tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<\/p>\n